Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science
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Adaptive Human System Interaction in Clinical Practice and Its Effect on Decision Quality, Patient Safety, and Care Sustainability Across Medical Specialties
Adaptive human-system interaction is crucial for enhancing decision quality, patient safety, and care sustainability across medical specialties. This study examines how clinicians integrate evolving patient and system information through technology and teamwork in internal medicine, surgery, and emergency care. Using a mixed-methods approach combining patient outcome data, workflow observations, and clinician interviews, we found that adaptive interaction reduces adverse events, improves care continuity, and supports sustainable practices. The findings highlight the need for healthcare systems to foster adaptive capabilities through human-centered technology, communication, and training to meet the demands of complex, dynamic clinical environments.
Adaptive Human-System Interaction, Clinical Decision-Making, Patient Safety, Care Sustainability, Healthcare Systems, Context-Aware Decisions, Medical Specialties
Copyright (c) 2025 Bader Alanazi, Yasser Hamoud M Alanazi, Mohammed Mater Essa Sharahili , Emad Mohammed Hamad Hakami, Noha Mohammed Hassan Baiedi, Jubara Ali Ahmad Tahiri, Nowyer Shafaq Alshammari, Mohammed Ayed S Alanazi, Nshmaiah Abdulhadi M Aljzaeree , Talal Ali Ahmad Taher (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Patient Safety Through Early Recognition of Clinical Deterioration: A Nursing Perspective
AbstractClinical deterioration among hospitalized patients is a critical event that often precedes severe consequences such as unplanned intensive care unit admissions, cardiac arrests, and increased mortality. Timely recognition of these clinical changes is essential to preventing avoidable harm. Nurses, as the primary caregivers at the bedside, occupy a central role in continuous patient monitoring and early detection of subtle signs indicating a decline in health status. This article synthesizes current research, explores real-world nursing experiences, and reviews effective nursing interventions and system-level strategies aimed at enhancing patient safety through early recognition. Emphasis is placed on the integration of early warning tools, comprehensive nurse education programs, and rapid response team activation protocols, illustrating how these elements collectively improve patient outcomes. The findings advocate for healthcare systems to prioritize nurse empowerment, interdisciplinary communication, and innovative surveillance techniques to strengthen frontline defense against clinical deterioration and enhance overall safety within hospital settings. [1, 2, 8, 9]
Clinical deterioration, patient safety, nursing interventions, early recognition, rapid response teams, nursing education, clinical surveillance, escalation protocols, adverse events.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ibrahim Almarshadi, YASSER HADI MOHAMMED KARIRI, Randa Mohammad Aletyani , Mohammed Bakhit M Alsaedi , Aziz Njer Alotibi , Ahmed Suliman Alofi, Faisal Nafi Alharbi , Nasser Hudiban Alsaide, Ahmed Ayed Awad Alrowaittie (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Nursing Staff Shortage on the Quality of Care in Emergency Departments
Emergency departments (EDs) are critical access points for urgent healthcare, yet they face an escalating shortage of nursing staff that threatens patient safety and care quality. This article investigates the multifaceted impact of nursing shortages in EDs, drawing on recent quantitative studies, qualitative nurse experiences, and case analyses from diverse healthcare settings. Findings indicate that inadequate nurse staffing leads to prolonged wait times, delayed treatments, increased patient departures without being seen, and a higher incidence of adverse clinical events such as medication errors and cardiac arrests. The shortage also drives nurse burnout and turnover, perpetuating a vicious cycle that further compromises care delivery. Financial repercussions for hospitals include lost revenue due to unstaffed beds and reduced capacity. The article concludes by discussing systemic factors underpinning the shortage and highlighting evidence-based interventions to improve recruitment, retention, and operational efficiency in emergency nursing. This comprehensive analysis underscores the urgent need for coordinated action to safeguard care quality in emergency departments.
Nursing shortage, emergency departments, quality of care, patient outcomes, nurse staffing, healthcare workforce, burnout, patient safety, healthcare delivery, nurse retention
Copyright (c) 2025 Emtenan Abdulaziz Alaskar, Norah Nasser Albarrak, Ghaida Abdullah Alamri, Ahood Khaled Almutairi, Bayan Muhammed Binswileh, Haya Fahad Alhariqi, Maymunah Ali Sowayd, Sharah Awda Alahmry, Hani Hussein Al-Sayed (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Trauma Resuscitation
Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has emerged as a critical tool in trauma resuscitation, offering rapid, real-time insights that can guide life-saving decisions. This article reviews the evolving role of POCUS in trauma care, focusing on its application in emergency and prehospital settings. Through an analysis of recent studies, clinical experiences, and case examples, the article highlights how POCUS improves diagnostic accuracy, expedites treatment, and potentially reduces mortality in trauma patients. The methodology includes a synthesis of literature from emergency medicine, critical care, and trauma surgery fields. Findings show that POCUS facilitates swift detection of hemoperitoneum, cardiac activity during arrest, and procedural guidance. Challenges such as operator dependency and potential delays are also discussed. The article concludes that POCUS is an indispensable adjunct in trauma resuscitation, with ongoing research needed to optimize protocols and training.
Point-of-care ultrasound, trauma resuscitation, FAST exam, cardiac arrest, diagnostic accuracy, prehospital care, clinical outcomes, POCUS-guided resuscitation
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdulhadi Aloah, Mustafa Ghazale, Mustafa Taha, Asma Mohamed Idris, Ahmed Marie, Moayad Merie, Abdullah Hazzaa Aldahmashi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Advances in Diagnostic Approaches for Respiratory Infections
Respiratory infections remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, challenging clinicians and public health systems to improve early and accurate diagnosis. Recent advances in molecular diagnostics, metagenomic sequencing, biosensor technology, and digital health platforms offer transformative potential for respiratory infection detection and management. This article reviews the current state of respiratory infection diagnostics, highlighting key technological innovations, clinical case studies, and ongoing challenges. By integrating next-generation sequencing, rapid point-of-care molecular assays, and novel breath-based tests, healthcare providers can better tailor treatments, reduce antibiotic misuse, and enhance outbreak surveillance. The continued development and deployment of these diagnostic tools are essential to combating both endemic and emerging respiratory pathogens in a post-pandemic world.
Respiratory infections, diagnostic advancements, molecular assays, metagenomics, breath-based diagnostics, point-of-care testing, digital health technologies, COVID-19, antimicrobial stewardship, biosensors
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammed Ghazi Alharbi, Baraa Talal Melibari, Khalid Waleed Alhariqi, Leen Bin Salloum, Abdulrahman Mohammed Aladani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of antiemetic co-administration with anesthesia on reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remain among the most common and distressing complications following anesthesia and surgery, affecting up to 30% of patients and substantially impacting recovery and patient satisfaction. The co-administration of antiemetic agents with anesthetic drugs has emerged as a critical strategy to mitigate this issue. This article reviews current evidence on the effectiveness of antiemetic co-administration with anesthesia in reducing PONV, drawing upon clinical trials, meta-analyses, and case studies. It evaluates key pharmacologic agents such as 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, corticosteroids, dopamine antagonists, and the role of anesthetic choice, particularly propofol-based regimens. The findings indicate that multimodal antiemetic protocols integrated with anesthesia significantly reduce the incidence and severity of PONV. Clinical practice implications, challenges, and future research directions are discussed to guide optimized perioperative care.
postoperative nausea and vomiting, antiemetics, anesthesia, propofol, ondansetron, dexamethasone, multimodal therapy, rescue antiemetics, patient outcomes, clinical studies, PONV prevention
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammed Aleid, Badriya Alshahrani, Moath Sadifi, Abdullah Alnajie, Hamoud Alnaji, Faisal Qahtani, Albandari Alanazi, Abdulsalam Awaji, Delma Alhajri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Interprofessional Clinical Collaboration and Administrative Strategies for Optimizing Patient Outcomes in Allied Health Professions
Interprofessional clinical collaboration (IPC) among allied health professions is increasingly recognized as a critical factor in optimizing patient outcomes. Allied health professionals, including physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech-language pathologists, dietitians, and social workers, often function within complex healthcare systems that require coordinated, multidisciplinary approaches to care. This article examines the role of IPC and administrative strategies in enhancing patient outcomes, drawing on recent case studies, literature, and clinical experiences. The findings highlight that effective collaboration supported by strategic administration and technology integration leads to improved clinical results, reduced hospital readmissions, enhanced patient satisfaction, and greater healthcare efficiency. Challenges such as role ambiguity and communication barriers are addressed, and solutions including interprofessional education, Lean management, and performance measurement systems are discussed. The article concludes by emphasizing the necessity of fostering collaborative cultures within allied health settings to meet the increasing demands of modern healthcare.
Interprofessional collaboration, allied health professions, clinical teamwork, patient outcomes, healthcare administration, administrative strategies, quality improvement, patient engagement, multidisciplinary care, healthcare efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2025 Reem Alrashidi, Amani Abu Alrahi, Ghalib Alqahtani, Norah Almalki, Sharifah Asiri, Fatimah Asiri, Zoha Alqudaimi, Khalil Almutairi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Optimizing Early Diagnosis and Management of Respiratory Infections in Pediatric Patients
Respiratory infections are a leading cause of illness and death in children worldwide, requiring improvements in early diagnosis and management. Clinical symptoms are often nonspecific, making timely and accurate detection challenging. This article reviews advances in diagnostic tools such as biomarkers (procalcitonin, CRP) and molecular methods (multiplex PCR), which improve pathogen identification and treatment decisions. The role of clinical decision support systems in guiding antibiotic use and standardizing care is also discussed.Based on a systematic review and clinical case analyses, we show that integrating rapid diagnostics with tailored management reduces unnecessary antibiotic use, hospital stays, and complications. Challenges remain in low-resource settings where limited diagnostic access leads to overprescription and poorer outcomes. The study highlights the need for affordable diagnostic tools and stewardship programs to improve care globally.Through case studies and data analysis, this research demonstrates how optimized diagnostic pathways enable early, accurate diagnosis and individualized treatment, supporting better patient outcomes and efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Khalid Surkhi, Ali Asiri, Lama Alfarraj, Ghadeer Sawadi, Ashwaq Khawaji (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Interdisciplinary Collaboration and Administrative Strategies for Enhancing Performance Across Allied Health Professions
Interdisciplinary collaboration among allied health professionals has emerged as a vital approach to improving healthcare delivery and patient outcomes. This research explores the role of administrative strategies in enhancing the performance of allied health teams through effective collaboration. Drawing on multiple case studies and professional experiences, the study examines how integrated teamwork and strategic management contribute to improved service quality, staff satisfaction, and organizational efficiency. The findings highlight the necessity of supportive leadership, workforce planning, and communication frameworks in fostering successful interdisciplinary practice. This paper provides evidence-based recommendations for healthcare administrators and allied health practitioners aiming to optimize collaborative efforts and performance across diverse professional groups.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammed Madkhali, Fatimah Shabi, Hussin Alamri, Abdulrahman Al-Hasani, Saleh Alqhtani, Eman Yonis, Norah Alanazi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Nurse-Led Technology and Educational Innovations on Care Quality and Patient Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Background: Nurse-led initiatives that combine technology with educational modules are increasingly seen as key drivers in improving healthcare delivery. These programs utilize nurses’ frontline experience to create customized digital tools and learning materials that enhance patient care and clinical workflows. Yet, the overall evidence about their impact on care quality and patient outcomes is scattered across various healthcare environments.Objective: This systematic review evaluates how nurse-led technology and education-based interventions affect healthcare quality and patient outcomes, with a particular focus on their application in Saudi Arabian hospitals.Methods: A thorough literature search was performed in PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library for studies published between 2010 and 2024. Included studies described nurse-led interventions involving technology or educational modules that reported measurable effects on care quality or clinical outcomes. Data extraction and quality appraisal followed standardized protocols, and results were synthesized narratively.Results: Thirty-eight studies met the criteria, including randomized controlled trials, observational, and qualitative research. Nurse-led telehealth programs were linked to notable decreases in hospital readmissions and improvements in managing chronic diseases. Digital monitoring systems and AI-supported clinical decision tools enhanced patient safety by enabling timely interventions. Educational modules led by nurses boosted adherence to clinical guidelines, improved patient health literacy, and supported better self-management. Case studies from Saudi institutions such as King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre and King Khalid University Hospital demonstrated successful nurse-led innovations with positive clinical and operational results. Common challenges included resistance to adopting new technology, insufficient training, and difficulties integrating with existing health IT systems. Success was fostered by strong leadership, interdisciplinary teamwork, and tailored educational support.Conclusions: Nurse-driven technological and educational innovations positively impact healthcare quality and patient outcomes. Achieving sustainable benefits requires overcoming implementation challenges through committed organizational support, thorough training, and seamless workflow integration. Future research should explore long-term effectiveness, scalability, and cost-efficiency, especially in fast-evolving healthcare settings like Saudi Arabia.
nurse-led innovation, technology adoption, educational modules, quality of care, patient outcomes, telehealth, Saudi Arabia
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdulwahab Hakami, Ahmed Jameel, Fatimah Khawaji, Fairouz Harbi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Optimization of Radiation Dose and Image Quality in Diagnostic Radiology: A Medical Physics Approach
Balancing image quality with radiation safety remains a critical challenge in diagnostic radiology. The continual evolution of imaging technologies, growing demand for diagnostic procedures, and heightened awareness of radiation-induced risks have placed immense responsibility on healthcare providers to deliver precise, high-quality images while ensuring patient safety. Medical physicists, armed with in-depth knowledge of radiation science, technology, and human biology, are uniquely positioned to lead the optimization process. They analyze imaging workflows, calibrate equipment, define acceptable image quality thresholds, and apply quality assurance protocols aimed at minimizing unnecessary radiation exposure. This research investigates the fundamental principles, strategies, and challenges in radiation dose optimization, exploring its clinical, technical, and educational dimensions. It draws from contemporary case studies, institutional policies, and global best practices across hospitals in Europe, the Middle East, and North America. Through a medical physics lens, this paper emphasizes the crucial intersection between technological capability and patient safety in modern diagnostic radiology.
Radiation dose optimization, Diagnostic radiology, Image quality, Medical physics, ALARA principle, Dose reduction strategies, Radiographic protocols1
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammed Tawhari, Abdullah Mohammed, Nazmi Hassan, Khaled Sattam, Fahad Alanazi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Reducing Surgical Delays: Enhancing Collaboration Between Anesthesia Providers and Operating Room Technicians
Surgical delays continue to pose a significant challenge in modern healthcare, contributing to increased costs, compromised patient safety, and decreased satisfaction among patients and healthcare workers. These delays often stem from breakdowns in communication, scheduling conflicts, and role ambiguity, especially between anesthesia providers and operating room (OR) technicians. This research explores the role of enhanced collaboration between these critical professionals in minimizing surgical delays. Through an examination of interprofessional communication strategies, workflow integration, and empirical case studies, this paper identifies key interventions and best practices to foster synergy among surgical teams and reduce intraoperative inefficiencies. Particular attention is paid to real-world settings, including data collected from hospitals in Saudi Arabia, Germany, and the United States, to examine how effective coordination impacts workflow and outcomes
Surgical delays, Anesthesia providers, Operating room technicians, Interprofessional collaboration, Patient safety, Operating room efficiency1
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Tawhari, Mohammed Mubaraki, Mohsen Khabrani, Deregi Ageeli, Faisal Hakami, Hussain Yatimi, Othman Gahety, Mohammed Jahfali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Various Freeze-Dried Yogurt Fermented with The Addition of Pineapple: An In Vitro Study
As a fermented milk, yogurt is functional food which contains a lot of bioactive compounds beneficial for human health. Yogurt can also be made with the addition of fruit such as pineapple, where pineapple contains phytochemical compounds as antimicrobial and antioxidant. This research aims to determine the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of freeze-dried yogurt with raw material skim milk, full cream, and soy powder with addition of pineapple juice. Antimicrobial activity was conducted using disc diffusion and macro-dilution methods. While antioxidants activity conducted using the DPPH method at a maximum wavelength of 516 nm and FTIR method. The results showed that the antimicrobial activity of freeze-dried yogurt macro-dilution method against Escherichia coli showed that most yogurt at a concentration of 1 g/mL could be determined as minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Antioxidant activity showed pineapple soy yogurt has the lowest IC50 namely 43.67 ± 0.21 μg/mL. Functional group analysis of samples with the highest antioxidant activity in pineapple soy yogurt showed C–H, C–C, C=O, N–H, C=C, and amide II groups. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of freeze-dried yogurt are influenced by the raw materials used and the addition of pineapple fruit.
Copyright (c) 2025 Winni Nur Auli, Rahmatul Fajriani, Nadya Anisah, Lita Lianti, Isnaini Rahmadi, Syahrizal Nasution (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Towards a Geobotanical Insight into Vegetation Adaptation in Quaternary Mud Volcanoes: Java Island, Indonesia
Since the Lusi eruption in 2006, interest in studying mud volcanoes in Indonesia has significantly increased, with most research focusing on the onshore Northeast Java Basin (Kendeng and Rembang Zone), yet comprehensive studies on the vegetation surrounding these mud volcanoes, particularly from a geobotanical perspective, are lacking. This study aims to document and analyze the vegetation around various 18 mud volcanoes in Java Island, Indonesia and explore its relationship with the geological characteristics of the volcanoes. Through field mapping and site visits to all identified 18 mud volcanoes on Java and Madura Island, samples of mud and vegetation were collected for detailed laboratory analysis. By examining the vegetation that grows at the center and the periphery of the mud volcanoes, a relationship between vegetation composition and the mud volcanoes in Java Island, Indonesia, can be identified. It becomes more interesting as saline substrates play a key role in their adaptation. The vegetation surrounding quaternary mud volcanoes in Java Island is significantly influenced by the characteristics of the erupted mud material. Plants from the families Poaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, and Euphorbiaceae are well-adapted to the vicinity of mud volcanoes in both the Kendeng zone, rich in marl from the Kalibeng formation, and the Rembang zone, rich in clay. These plants can thrive and adapt to substrates with distinctive chemical characteristics, such as high salinity levels (>10%) and dominant calcium and magnesium content (30–60%). This research indicates a complex interplay between geological factors and plant species distribution in the unique environment of mud volcanoes. This research is expected to inspire further studies on this unique geological feature and advance the field of geobotanical study.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eri Sarmantua Sitinjak, Danni Gathot Harbowo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Monte Carlo Mathematical Model Simulation: An Evaluation of The Probability of Construction Project Acceleration
Complex projects such as road infrastructure require reliability and risk analysis for safety and economic sustainability. This study divides the concept of comprehensive risk identification into several variables with several indicators. Indicators refer to findings that occur in the field during acceleration. The simulation was conducted with the help of the @Risk program in Microsoft Excel using standard settings, and the distribution used was triangular. The population in this study is all project stakeholders related to determining the implementation time of the Djuanda FO construction, which is currently underway in the 46th week. The population consisted of 22 experts who were involved in scheduling the FO Djuanda construction project. Since the population size is limited in the study, all population members were sampled. The sampling technique is census or saturated sampling, in which all population members are used as samples. The respondents asked to complete a questionnaire and answer questions about implementing the FO Djuanda development project. Sampling is limited to top management with expertise in decision-making to determine the duration of project implementation in scheduling. This study obtained interval data, with interval data in the form of a Likert scale (scale 1–5). Based on the research results, risk evaluation can be adopted well through Monte Carlo mathematical model simulation. The risks in the acceleration of the FO Djuanda development project, based on the order of risk levels from the largest to the smallest, are direct costs, work calendar schedule, logistics, external, field constraints, health and safety, indirect costs, community relations, environment, construction contracts, traffic, and construction.
Copyright (c) 2025 Alfandi Rizki Pratama R, Ludfi Djakfar, Kartika Puspa Negara (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Traumatic Physiological Vital Sign Fusion: Insight from Composite Spatial Similarity Measure Modelling
This paper develops a non-linear composite similarity-based framework for generating univariate physiological vital signs data from an input multivariate counterpart. The framework is built on mixture random variate using information provided by the inter-relationships among variables. This allows the latent one-dimensional data to be generated as a weighted linear combination of the multivariate data, providing an easy way to model the weights in terms of desirable data features of interest. Using variable specific non-linear composite similarity statistic to handle short, medium- and long-term auto-relationships, the framework provides a unified context for easy quantification and assessment of both vital sign and observation level relative relevance. With the above formulation, better calibration and indication of key vital signs in traumatic events is presented. An illustrative example using real physiological vital sign datasets on trauma and non-traumatic patients provides evidence on its utility in handling both key informative incident and non-incident vital sign-specific features, events and patterns for development of pragmatic health monitoring indicators.
Copyright (c) 2025 David Kwamena Mensah, Micheal Arthur Ofori, George Otieno Orwa, Paul Hewson (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Promising Mediterranean Natural Oil Based Formulation to Enhance Beard Growth and Visual Performance through In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
A well-groomed beard allows men to look distinguished as well as boosts self-confidence and self-expression. Many chemical or natural agents are used in male grooming products to improve the growth, health and quality of a man's beard. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of various natural oils in beard oil formulation on beard growth and nourishment. High-antioxidant natural oils including olive, jojoba, apricot, argan, macadamia, soybean, and avocado oils were incorporated in a beard grooming formulation to keep the beard hydrated and hydrophobic. A microbial inhibition test was conducted to assess its ability to prevent microbial growth on the beard. A total of 39 men (aged 20–29 years) participated and they had their beards shaved and underwent a washout period for 14 days without using any beard product. After this period, baseline measurements of the beard were taken before shaving it again, with assessments including length, density, and thickness using Phototrichogram and Caselite Imaging, along with trichologist evaluation and self-assessments. The subjects used the product once a day and the improvement was measured after 2 and 4 weeks. Results indicate that the beard oil formulation significantly improved beard growth rate at W2 (12.9%, p < 0.0001) and W4 (24.30%, p < 0.0001) compared to baseline. It also increases beard density at W2 (21.93% p < 0.0001) and W4 (48.43%, p < 0.0001), and improved beard thickness at W2 (9.17%, p < 0.0001) and W4 (18.34%, p < 0.0001). According to the subject self-assessment and trichologist evaluation, the product significantly improved the overall beard’s look and growth, and reduced beard roughness and itchiness. These oils also impart antibacterial activity to inhibit P. acnes proliferation. Based on this study, a formulation containing natural antioxidant oils is effective in promoting growth and preserving health by providing nourishment to the beard.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hani Zahratunnisa, Delfianti Pratiwi, Ridwan Sonjaya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessment of the Dynamics and Condition of Post-Fire Forest Recovery in the Amankaragay Massif, Kostanay Region, Republic of Kazakhstan
The study evaluates the dynamics and condition of post-fire forest recovery in the Amankaragay massif of the Kostanay region, Republic of Kazakhstan, which has been subjected to both natural and anthropogenic pyrogenic influences, resulting in structural transformations within the forest ecosystems and pyrogenic succession processes. The objective of this research is to assess natural forest regeneration after wildfires through an integrated approach, combining field studies and remote sensing data, and to analyze structural changes in forest landscapes due to fire disturbances. Three sample plots were selected for analysis: all affected by wildfires between 2004 and 2024, with assessments carried out using high- and medium-resolution satellite imagery. The methodology included the use of differenced normalized burn ratio (dNBR) analysis to assess fire severity, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) analysis to evaluate the intensity and dynamics of post-fire vegetation recovery, and geospatial analysis using ArcGIS 10.8. Additionally, supervised classification of satellite imagery and field surveys were conducted to validate remote sensing data. The results indicate significant structural changes in forest-forming species following fire disturbances, confirmed by both remote sensing and field data. As a result, the natural regeneration of forest ecosystems was evaluated, and significant findings were obtained. Fire intensity and type influence the rate of forest recovery. The dNBR and NDVI analyses confirm the effectiveness of remote sensing for monitoring post-fire forest recovery. Remote sensing data and field assessments enable not only the evaluation of the current forest condition but also predictions for its future development. This study underscores the effectiveness of remote sensing techniques in evaluating pyrogenic succession and contributes to a deeper understanding of natural forest regeneration processes in the region. The findings can inform the development of evidence-based strategies for forest ecosystem management and post-fire restoration efforts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zhanar Ozgeldinova, Altyn Zhanguzhina, Zhandos Mukayev, Zharas Berdenov, Meruert Ulykpanova (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Electrical Characteristics in a High-Power Seawater Battery: Solutions with Acid Zinc Anolyte and Alumina-Carbon-Cement Separator
The potential of seawater as a source of galvanic cell energy has not been fully realized due to significant challenges, particularly anode degradation in single-compartment high-power seawater batteries. This study addresses these limitations by introducing a novel two-compartment system, utilizing an acid zinc anolyte and an alumina-carbon-cement separator designed to enhance both the electrical performance and longevity of the battery. Experimental results demonstrate a remarkable increase in current output (97.81 times) and a substantial boost in power (5.25 times) compared to conventional single-compartment cells. Furthermore, the internal resistance of the system is reduced by 95.7%, indicating improved energy transfer efficiency. The use of the alumina-carbon-cement separator effectively mitigates anode corrosion, a common issue that limits the operational lifespan and reliability of seawater batteries. These findings suggest that the proposed two-compartment configuration not only overcomes critical technical barriers but also offers a promising and sustainable alternative for renewable energy generation from seawater. The enhanced performance and durability of this system highlight its potential for practical applications in marine and coastal energy harvesting, contributing to the advancement of clean energy technologies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gurum Ahmad Pauzi, Arif Surtono, Sri Wahyu Suciyati, Syafriadi Syafriadi, Ahmad Saudi Samosir, Sri Ratna Sulistiyanti, Wasinton Simanjuntak (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Global Perspectives on Environmental Microbiome Research: Current Status and Future Directions
The environmental microbiome plays an important role in various ecosystems around the world, influencing nutrient cycling, disease dynamics and ecosystem stability. This bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the current state and future directions of environmental microbiome research from a global perspective from 2009–2024. Through systematic examination of Scopus publications, 2154 documents were found. The results show a significant increase in the number of publications since 2017 and a peak in 2024. The most cited document was "The hidden world within plants: Ecological and evolutionary considerations for defining functioning of microbial endophytes" with 1887 citations and “Structure and function of the global ocean microbiome” with 1843 citations. The most productive countries in environmental microbiome research are the United States (n = 748), China (n = 533), India (n = 308), Germany (n = 172) and the United Kingdom (n = 157). Microbiome, microbial community, microfolora, microbiota, microbiology, bacteria, and bacterium are the most popular topics that will continue to develop in the future. Although the United States has published the highest total number of papers, more recent studies have predominantly been published from China, indicating shift in the centre of study from the United States to China. Insights gained from this analysis contribute to a deeper understanding of the environmental microbiome research landscape, guiding future research priorities and collaborations in the field.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wahyu Aristyaning Putri, Aprilia Sufi Subiastuti, Cahyo Wulandari, Mifta Pratiwi Rachman, Alfino Sebastian, Abdul Rahman Siregar, Tyas Ikhsan Himawan, Dwi Sendi Priyono, Neng Tanty Sofyana, Yekti Asih Purwestri, Husna Nugrahapraja, Anjar Tri Wibowo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Investigation of Potential Molecular Targets of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium in Ovarian Cancer Using Network Pharmacology Assessments
Ovarian cancer is a serious disease that affects the ovaries, and its early detection is challenging due to vague symptoms often dismissed as minor ailments. Currently, natural sources have gained attention for their potential role in anticancer treatment. This study aimed to utilize network pharmacology to explore the potential targets and mechanisms of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium in the treatment of ovarian cancer. This study utilized the KNApSAcK and Swiss Target Prediction to identify active compounds and target genes. Additionally, ovarian cancer-specific target genes were sourced from the GEO database. To identify possible key target genes, the network interaction between protein-protein using the STRING database and visualized them in Cytoscape. Subsequent analysis using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enabled us to focus on primary therapeutic targets. Our investigation into Zanthoxylum acanthopodium revealed 10 active compounds that pass Lipinski rule of five and oral bioavailability with acceptable pharmacokinetic profiles, 88 therapeutic targets, and identified 5 hub genes: SRC, CCNB2, MMP9, PTGS2, and PTPRC, which are strongly associated with ovarian cancer progression. Pathway enrichment analysis highlighted several pathways significantly related to the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. This study elucidates the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action of Z. acanthopodium as a promising candidate for ovarian cancer treatment. However, further research, including both in vitro and in vivo studies, is necessary to understand its molecular mechanisms comprehensively.
Copyright (c) 2025 Johanna Fransiska Wijaya, Linda Chiuman, Hariyadi Dharmawan Syahputra, Vera Estefania Kaban, Razoki Razoki, Chrismis Novalinda Ginting, Iksen Iksen (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Optimizing Cork Oak (Quercus suber) Acorn Growth and Survival: Influence of Harvest Timing and Nursery Conditions in Morocco
Cork oak (Quercus suber) forests are vital for maintaining ecological balance and supporting socio-economic stability in Morocco. However, these forests face significant degradation driven by climate change, human activities, and inadequate regeneration practices. A critical factor influencing successful cork oak regeneration is the timing of acorn harvesting, which directly impacts germination rates and seedling quality. This study aimed to determine the optimal acorn harvesting periods to maximize germination and produce robust seedlings suitable for nursery and field planting. Conducted at the Center for Innovation, Research and Training under the National Agency for Water and Forests, the research involved collecting acorns from the Maâmora forest across six harvesting periods: August, September, early-October, mid-October, November, and December. The methodology included acorn sorting, phytosanitary treatments, and standardized nursery substrate preparation. Key parameters such as germination rate, seedling height, collar diameter, survival rate, and root system development were systematically monitored. Results indicated that acorns harvested in mid-October and November yielded the highest germination rates (86% and 85%, respectively), superior seedling growth (average heights of 21.40 cm and 10.09 cm), and better survival rates (95% and 75%). In contrast, acorns harvested in August showed the lowest germination (50%) and reduced seedling vigor, reflecting the detrimental effect of immature acorns. Early harvests in August and September corresponded with slower growth and lower survival. The findings underscore the critical influence of harvest timing on cork oak regeneration success. Acorns collected during mid-October and November demonstrated faster germination, enhanced seedling vigor, and robust root development. The study recommends focusing on these optimal harvesting windows, combined with proper storage and nursery management, to improve reforestation efforts and support the sustainable restoration of Morocco’s cork oak ecosystems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Achraf Mabrouk, Ayoub Souileh, Hayat Oubrahim, Najib Magri, Salwa El Antry, Fatima Abidi, Oussama Zekhnini, Younes Abbas, Mohamed Ouajdi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Bioremediation of Profenofos-Contaminated Soil using Bio-Slurry, Exogenous, and Indigenous Microorganism Formulation from Puntukdoro Farmland, Indonesia
Pesticide residues in soil present significant environmental and health risks, especially in regions with heavy organophosphate used in vegetable farming. This study examines bioaugmentation, an eco-friendly method for degrading soil pesticide residues, utilizing both indigenous and exogenous microorganisms, as well as bio-slurry from biogas production. Puntukdoro Village, Magetan, Indonesia, generates a substantial quantity of bio-slurry waste, which presents a promising solution to local agricultural challenges, including low crop yields and soil degradation. Puntukdoro Village produces a significant amount of bio-slurry waste, which offers a promising solution to local agricultural issues, including poor crop yield and soil degradation. The study aims to identify and formulate microorganisms from Puntukdoro using bio-slurry and exogenous cellulolytic mold formulations. This involves extracting and characterizing indigenous bacteria, preparing external supplements, and conducting ex situ bioaugmentation with seven different treatments. Ten mold isolates, including Penicillium, Monilia, Aspergillus, and Trichoderma, and eight bacterial isolates, including Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus, were identified. Bioremediation assays showed that both indigenous and exogenous microorganisms improved soil quality and reduced pesticide levels. The most effective treatment, P7, with 10% bio-slurry, 10% biofostik, and 10% indigenous microorganisms applied for 28 d (W4), reduced profenofos from 4.718 to 0.000 mg/kg. In contrast, treatment P2W1, with 30% biofostik for 7 d, reduced profenofos by 0.293 mg/kg. These findings indicate that exogenous and indigenous microorganisms can effectively enhance profenofos bioremediation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pujiati Pujiati, Oktaviariesta Habibatus Sholikhah, Sri Utami, Fatimah Fatimah, Rico Ramadhan, Ni'matuzahroh Ni'matuzahroh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Antiplasmodial and Metabolite Profiling of Hyrtios sp. Sponge Extract from Southeast Sulawesi Marine Using LC-HRMS, Molecular Docking, Pharmacokinetic, Drug-likeness, Toxicity, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Hyrtios sponge is known to possess alkaloid compounds that may exhibit in vitro activity against Plasmodium falciparum. The aim of this study was therefore to isolate and characterise the antiplasmodial active compounds of Hyrtios sp. Sponges collected from the island of Podang-Podang, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. In addition, the LC-HRMS analysis was performed on the active fractions of methanol and ethyl acetate extract to evaluate their antiplasmodial activity. We also validated the in silico antiplasmodial activity of PfDHFR-TS with molecular docking, pharmacokinetics, drug likeness, toxicity, and molecular dynamics analysis. The molecular docking studies showed that the synthesized extremes would have high binding affinity to PfDHFR-TS, thus confirming their potential as powerful enzyme inhibitors. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness calculations showed that all compounds met the requirements for sufficient resistance and bioavailability, indicating potential as therapeutic candidates. The results of the toxicity analysis indicated that the compounds had a relatively good safety profile, but some potential adverse reactions in the renal and cardiac vasculature could not be excluded. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that the complexes formed between the ligand and the target were stable, and the low RMSD value indicated that the active site interactions were also quite stable. These observations reinforce the notion that the extract from Hyrtios sp. not only shows remarkable antimalarial activity but also exhibits pharmacological properties of a prospective drug candidate, which encourages further work in the development of malaria combination therapy both in clinical assessment and comprehensive mechanism of action investigation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Maria Ludya Pulung, Respati Tri Swasono, Eti Nurwening Sholikhah, Radite Yogaswara, Gian Primahana, Tri Joko Raharjo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
In Vitro Anti-Acne Activity and Bioactive Compound Analysis of Sargassum cristaefolium Ethanolic Extract from Teluk Awur Jepara
Acne is a prevalent skin disorder, particularly among adolescents, causing significant physical and psychological impacts. Ongoing efforts are dedicated to acne treatment by developing therapeutic agents with enhanced effectiveness while minimizing side effects. In this study, we aimed to assess the potential of Sargassum cristaefolium sourced from Teluk Awur Jepara, extracted using ethanol, in combating acne through its in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant attributes. Utilizing the disk diffusion method, our findings demonstrated the extract's efficacy against Cutibacterium acne, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined to be 50 and >100 mg mL-1 against C. acnes, 25 and 100 mg mL-1 against S. epidermidis, and 25 and 100 mg mL-1 against S. aureus, respectively. Additionally, bacteriolytic assays confirmed the extract's ability to partially lyse bacterial cells, particularly S. aureus and S. epidermidis at 2× MIC, while C. acne exhibited partial lysis until the 6th hour, followed by an increase in absorbance, possibly due to cellular debris aggregation or bacterial persistence due to incomplete lysis. Furthermore, the extract exhibited notable free radical scavenging properties against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), with IC50 values of 645.35 ± 9.52 and 574 ± 33.52 µg mL-1, respectively. The S. cristaefolium ethanol extract exhibited a total phenol content of 14.17 ± 0.39 mg GAE g-1 and a sulfate content of 10.99 ± 0.45%. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis identified bioactive compounds, including carotenoids, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, chromenols, and fatty acids, all of which demonstrate substantial potential as antioxidants and antibacterial agents against acne-causing bacteria. Therefore, ethanolic extract of S. cristaefolium demonstrates potential as an anti-acne treatment due to its antibacterial and antioxidant properties.
Copyright (c) 2025 Theresia Adven Dea Kristiani, Amir Husni, Alim Isnansetyo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Investigation of New 4-Benzyloxy-2-trichloromethylquinazoline Derivatives as Plasmodium falciparum Dihydrofolate Reductase-thymidylate Synthase Inhibitors: QSAR, ADME, Drug-likeness, Toxicity, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Plasmonium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (PfDHFR-TS) is one of the most crucial antimalarial targets. Mutations in the binding pocket of this target lead to resistance to the antifolate. The mutations influence the amino acid residues at points 51, 59, 108 and 164 and contribute significantly to malaria not being treated well. Priority should therefore be given to the development of antifolate-resistance drugs. These studies aim to investigate new 4-benzyloxy-2-trichloromethylquinazoline derivatives as PfDHFR-TS inhibitors using QSAR, ADME, drug-likeness, toxicity, molecular docking studies, and molecular dynamics simulations. The best equation model from the QSAR analysis used MLR and PLS statistics to show that the pIC50 is linearly related to GATS4e, SpMax AEA(ed), and Mor28e, but inverted when compared to ATS6m and ATSC7m. The predictive ability of the model was confirmed by internal and external validation. In addition, the Y-randomization validation showed that the QSAR model was reliable, robust, and stable, with a cRp2 score of over 0.5. ADME and drug-likeness predictions confirmed the new QSAR design for molecules S10, S23 and S64. Based on the toxicity results, three molecules are expected to have moderate and non-toxic properties, starting with S23 and then S10 and S64. Molecular docking studies show that all three molecules have high binding energies, 9.869, 9.589, and 9.565 kcal/mol. The amino acid residues Leu46, Asp54, Ser111, and Thr185 play a major role in ligand-receptor interaction in the binding pocket of quadruple mutant PfDHFR-TS. Furthermore, an evaluation of molecular dynamics simulations of three complexes S10-3JSU, S23-3JSU and S64-3JSU demonstrated stable interactions over 100 ns.
Copyright (c) 2025 Radite Yogaswara, Harno Dwi Pranowo, Niko Prasetyo, Maria Ludya Pulung (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Molecular Phylogeny of rDNA-ITS on Native Dendrobium in Lampung
Dendrobium, a flagship collection of the Liwa Botanical Garden, is an endemic flora of the Southern Sumatra that requires preservation. One of the challenges in its conservation and potential development is the molecular identification. This molecular identification utilizes DNA barcoding with the rDNA-ITS marker as a practical, rapid, accurate, effective, and efficient alternative, complementing previous species-level identification results based on morphological characteristics. Amplification results from 5 selected samples showed specific bands measuring 300 bp. Sequence data analysis using BioEdit and MEGA V.11.0.11 software with 1000 bootstraps grouped all accessions into the same main cluster with a similarity range of 94–100%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that accession D2 is similar to D. signatum from Japan (AB593662.1), and accession D3 to D. densiflorum (HQ114255), D4 to D. nobile (LC011413.1), accession D6 to D. trigonopus (KF143730.1), and accession D12 to D. faciferum (LC192955.1) from China. The results of this study will enrich the taxonomic and phylogenetic data of Dendrobium, which is essential for conservation and serves as a foundation for its development as a medicinal herbal plant.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahfut Mahfut, Admi Syarif, Sri Wahyuningsih (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Application of photoacoustic spectroscopy for glucose level measurement: A Literature Review
This study addresses the critical need for effective glucose level measurement in managing diabetes mellitus (DM). DM is a serious, economically influential disease that has no cure at present, highlighting the magnitude of prevention, control, and monitoring of blood glucose levels. This study systematically examined 79 articles from Google Scholar and PubMed databases, focusing on non-invasive glucose measurement using the photoacoustic system. After eliminating duplicates, 27 articles were reviewed. Glucose solution was predominantly used as the primary sample. Fixed and tunable lasers, especially near-infrared (NIR) lasers, were highlighted due to their superior penetration and accuracy in glucose measurements. Signal-purification techniques were used to guarantee accurate detection by removing noise. The evaluation involved regression analysis and machine learning integration to determine glucose levels statistically. The choice of sampling sites in volunteers was a critical factor affecting measurement accuracy. The study demonstrated meaningful progress in the development of photoacoustic methods, particularly in monitoring DM.
Copyright (c) 2025 Buky Wahyu Pratama, Rini Widyaningrum, Andreas Setiawan, Mitrayana Mitrayana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Modification of the QuEChERS Method for Drug Analysis in Biological Sample: A Review
Drug analysis in biological samples remains a significant challenge due to the complex matrix composition that can interfere with extraction and detection processes. The QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) method, initially developed for pesticide residue analysis, has been increasingly adapted for forensic toxicology, particularly in drug extraction from biological matrices. This review explores various modifications of the QuEChERS method applied to blood, urine, and liver samples, focusing on the effectiveness of different solvents, buffer salts, and sorbents in enhancing extraction efficiency. Furthermore, it highlights current challenges such as matrix effects and the critical importance of method validation to ensure reliability and reproducibility. By analyzing recent developments and trends in QuEChERS applications, this review offers valuable insights into optimizing extraction protocols for forensic purposes. The findings aim to support the advancement of more efficient, robust, and accessible analytical techniques in forensic toxicology, ultimately contributing to more accurate and reliable drug detection in complex biological samples.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sitty Nurqomariah Rivai, Sonny Kristianto, Rury Eryna Putri, Awalul Fatiqin, Mohamad Hamdi Zainal Abidin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessment of LINAC Source Radiation Dose around Healthy Organs Using Treatment Planning System Calculation
The negative effects of increased radiation dose can impact healthy tissue surrounding the target area, necessitating careful management to minimize side effects and meticulous planning in radiation therapy. This study aims to determine the peripheral dose of a 6 MV photon beam and compare the measured values with the estimates from the Treatment Planning System (TPS). Dose calculations were performed using the Analytical Anisotropic Algorithm (AAA) in the ECLIPSETM TPS on a virtual water phantom with a 6 MV photon beam, delivered by a Clinac CX linear accelerator (LINAC) at Unand Hospital. Photons were used with variations in target depth of 1.5, 5, and 10 cm, as well as variations in measuring distances of 3, 5, 7, 10, and 15 cm outside the irradiation field. The area of irradiation used varied of 5×5 and 10×10 cm2. The measurement results based on the distance of the field edge showed that the dose percentage decreased below 10% when passing a distance of 5 cm for a field area of 5×5 cm2, and for a field area of 10×10 cm2, the dose percentage decreased below 10% after passing a distance of 7 cm from the edge of the irradiation field. The peripheral dose intensity in the area outside the target will decrease along with the increasing measurement distance from the edge of the field and the depth due to the interaction of radiation with the medium, which causes the spread and absorption of photons in the medium.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ramacos Fardela, Ega Septryan Candra, Dian Milvita, Dedi Mardiansyah, Ridwan Ridwan, Fiqi Diyona, Almahdi Mousa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0