Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science
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Dynamic Error Signatures in Routine Medical Laboratory Tests: A Predictive Framework for Pre-Analytical and Analytical Failure Detection
Routine medical laboratory tests are critical for clinical decision-making, yet their reliability can be compromised by pre-analytical and analytical errors. This paper proposes a predictive framework based on dynamic error signatures to detect and anticipate failures in laboratory test processes. By analyzing temporal patterns and variations in test results alongside operational metadata, the framework aims to improve early detection of errors and reduce diagnostic inaccuracies. We incorporate case studies from hematology and biochemistry laboratories to demonstrate the framework's applicability. Our results indicate significant improvements in error detection sensitivity and specificity, supporting enhanced system resilience and patient safety. This study provides a foundation for integrating dynamic monitoring tools into laboratory quality management systems. [1]
Dynamic error signatures, medical laboratory tests, pre-analytical errors, analytical failure detection, predictive framework, laboratory quality control, diagnostic accuracy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Alaa Alsefri, Rakan Turkey ALhujairy , Magdi Saleh Saad Albalawi , Ibrahim Mohammed Alsaid, Sumayyah Hamoud Alsurayyie, Rakan Saeed Alatawi, Shuaa Mohammed Gaud, Abrar Jameel Shadly Sahlah, Hind Saud Abdulaziz Alhomaidi , Nuaralden Ibrahim Abdulellah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Strengthening Global Health Security Through Resilient Health Systems
Global health security remains a paramount challenge in an increasingly interconnected world, where infectious diseases, natural disasters, and other health emergencies transcend borders rapidly. This article explores the pivotal role that resilient health systems play in strengthening global health security. By examining case studies from the Ebola outbreak in West Africa, the COVID-19 pandemic, and health system responses in resilient nations like South Korea and Rwanda, this study highlights strategies for enhancing capacity, adaptability, and sustainability of health systems. Key elements such as robust surveillance, workforce preparedness, governance structures, and community engagement are analyzed. The findings underscore that investment in resilient health infrastructure and adaptive governance not only mitigates immediate threats but also fosters long-term health security and equity. Recommendations for policy, practice, and future research are discussed to guide global efforts in building health systems capable of withstanding and responding to diverse health threats [1-5].
Global health security, resilient health systems, pandemic preparedness, health system strengthening, infectious disease control, health infrastructure, emergency response, health governance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hamad Aldawsar, Yazeed Alzahrani, Basim Khalaf Alanazi, Haneen Sanad Almutiri, Rawan Mohammed Alanazi, Asmaa Mansour Alkhalaf, Ahad Naser Alotaibi, Ghadah Abdullah Alobeade, Abdulaziz Salman Almuayl, Hanan Mulebis Alanazi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Invisible Cognitive Load in Nursing Practice and Its Relationship to Care Precision, Error Recovery, and Patient Trust
Invisible cognitive load in nursing refers to the mental effort and processing demands that are not readily observable but significantly impact nurses’ performance. This hidden aspect of workload influences care precision, the ability to recover from errors, and ultimately patient trust. This article explores how cognitive load manifests in nursing practice through decision-making complexity, interruptions, multitasking, and emotional stress. Using case studies and empirical examples, we analyze the interplay between cognitive burden and critical outcomes in patient safety and satisfaction. Methods to identify and mitigate invisible cognitive load are discussed to enhance resilience and support nurse performance. Understanding and addressing this phenomenon is essential for improving healthcare quality and fostering trust between nurses and patients. [1-5]
Cognitive load, nursing practice, care precision, error recovery, patient trust, invisible workload, healthcare safety, clinical decision making.
Copyright (c) 2025 Safa Alhazmi, Afnan A. Mahrous, Deema A. Alshehri, Hessa Malfy Turhib Alotiby, Khawla Ahmed Aljezani, Kafiyah Mohammed Alanazi, Eman Frhan Hameed Alanaz, Khdigha Ahmed Ibrahim Bahri , Noha Mohammed Hakami , Hasnah Ali Yahya Ageeli, Imranah Mohammed Ali Hatan, Maram Baalghyth Mohammed , Rahaf Mamdouh Alhawsawi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Latent Clinical Complexity and Its Impact on Decision Consistency,Patient Safety, and Outcome Variability Across Medical Specialties
Latent clinical complexity—hidden factors within patient cases and healthcare environments—challenges decision consistency, patient safety, and outcome variability across medical specialties. This study uses mixed methods, including data analysis, observations, and clinician interviews, to explore how such complexity affects internal medicine, surgery, and emergency care. Findings show that complexity drivers like comorbidities, technology issues, and communication barriers increase adverse events and decision variability. Case studies illustrate how adaptive strategies improve outcomes. The results highlight the need for specialty-specific approaches that integrate human factors and technology to enhance decision-making and patient safety in complex clinical settings.
Latent clinical complexity, decision consistency, patient safety, outcome variability, medical specialties, adaptive decision-making, healthcare systems, clinical workflows.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdullah Alkaabi, Fatimah Ibrahim Mohammed Tahtouh, Ghazi Mesfer Alotaibi, Enas Mohammad Salman Mubarak, Sadiyah Abdu Yahya Judayba, Khadigah Abdu Yahya Jedaib, Jeza Fihan Aldajani, Mohammad Salman Hazazi, Abdulelah Khalid ALotaibi, Hassan Mousa Mohammed Haltani, Njood Mayudh Alharthy (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Adaptive Human System Interaction in Clinical Practice and Its Effect on Decision Quality, Patient Safety, and Care Sustainability Across Medical Specialties
Adaptive human-system interaction is crucial for enhancing decision quality, patient safety, and care sustainability across medical specialties. This study examines how clinicians integrate evolving patient and system information through technology and teamwork in internal medicine, surgery, and emergency care. Using a mixed-methods approach combining patient outcome data, workflow observations, and clinician interviews, we found that adaptive interaction reduces adverse events, improves care continuity, and supports sustainable practices. The findings highlight the need for healthcare systems to foster adaptive capabilities through human-centered technology, communication, and training to meet the demands of complex, dynamic clinical environments.
Adaptive Human-System Interaction, Clinical Decision-Making, Patient Safety, Care Sustainability, Healthcare Systems, Context-Aware Decisions, Medical Specialties
Copyright (c) 2025 Bader Alanazi, Yasser Hamoud M Alanazi, Mohammed Mater Essa Sharahili , Emad Mohammed Hamad Hakami, Noha Mohammed Hassan Baiedi, Jubara Ali Ahmad Tahiri, Nowyer Shafaq Alshammari, Mohammed Ayed S Alanazi, Nshmaiah Abdulhadi M Aljzaeree , Talal Ali Ahmad Taher (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Balancing Accessibility and Confidentiality: Advanced Encryption Techniques for Health Records.
In the modern era of digital health systems, maintaining a delicate equilibrium between accessibility and confidentiality of electronic health records (EHRs) is paramount. This paper investigates the use of advancedencryption techniques to secure health records while ensuring their timely accessibility to authorized healthcare professionals. We review the evolution of encryption in healthcare, assess contemporary cryptographic methodologies, and propose a hybrid framework tailored to health information systems. The research evaluates performance metrics such as encryption time, decryption time, data size overhead, and security levels,emphasizing the trade-offs between data usability and data protection. Furthermore, this study includes real-world use cases, a detailed risk assessment model, and practical guidelines for implementing encryption strategies in diverse healthcare environments.
Electronic Health Records, data confidentiality, health information accessibility, encryption techniques, cybersecurity in healthcare, privacy-preserving systems, healthcare data protection, securedata sharing, cryptography, health IT security.
Copyright (c) 2024 Abdullah Alosaimi, Fahad Saleh Alshehri, Rakan Mohammed Alotaibi, Abdurahman Talal Muhammed Alghamdi, Kheria Awad Dhmis Alkhodaede (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Context-Aware Clinical Decision Dynamics and Their Influence on Patient Outcomes, Safety Margins, and Care Continuity Across Medical Specialties
Context-awareness in clinical decision-making—the ability of healthcare providers and systems to recognize and adapt to relevant situational factors—is increasingly recognized as critical for improving patient outcomes, maintaining safety margins, and ensuring continuity of care across specialties. This mixed-methods study analyzes how real-time contextual cues and decision dynamics influence care processes and outcomes in internal medicine, surgery, and emergency care. Drawing from over 15,000 patient records, clinician workflow observations, and in-depth interviews, we find that context-aware decisions enhance early risk recognition, reduce adverse events, and strengthen coordination across care transitions. Conversely, lack of context-awareness contributes to safety lapses and fragmented continuity, especially during handoffs and high workload periods. Our results highlight the value of context-sensitive tools and training tailored to specialty-specific decision environments, emphasizing their role in resilient healthcare delivery.
Context-awareness, Clinical decision dynamics, Patient outcomes, Safety margins, Care continuity, Medical Specialties
Copyright (c) 2024 Hassan Alzahrani, Shahd Saleem Alharbi, Abdullah Taher Marer, Mohammed Ebrahem Altqeqy, ‏Mohammed Saud Daghibish Al-Sharari, Norah Hadi Alsafhi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Nursing Mindful Presence on Clinical Decision Accuracy and Patient Safety in Emergency Departments
This study explores the influence of mindful presence among emergency department nurses on the accuracy of clinical decision-making and subsequent patient safety outcomes. In high-pressure, fast-paced clinical environments such as emergency departments, cognitive load and fatigue threaten decision accuracy, increasing risks to patient safety. Mindful presence—a practice of focused, nonjudgmental awareness in the moment—has emerged as a promising intervention to mitigate these risks by enhancing nurses’ attention control, emotional regulation, and situational awareness. Employing a mixed-method approach, the research analyzed observational and self-reported data from 150 emergency nurses across three urban hospitals. Results reveal that higher levels of mindful presence significantly correlate with improved clinical decision accuracy and reduced incidence of patient safety events. The findings advocate for mindfulness interventions integrated into nursing workflows to bolster care quality and safeguard patients under emergency care pressures.
Mindful presence, nursing, clinical decision accuracy, patient safety, emergency department, mindfulness, healthcare quality
Copyright (c) 2024 Maha Al Dosary, Sulaiman Saad Fahad Alduwairej, Naif Abdulrahman Al-Bahli, Adel Ali Abdullah Alyahay, Saleh Ali Mohammed Aldowairej, Ibrahim Ali Mohammed Alduwairej, Ahood khaled Almutairi, Badriah Khaled Almutairi, Fawziah Khaled Almutairi, Mohammed Bakhit M Alsaedi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Temporal Variability of Human Care Delivery and Its Association with Patient Outcomes, Decision Accuracy, and System Resilience Across Medical Specialties
Temporal variability—fluctuations in the timing of care delivery—plays a key role in patient outcomes, decision accuracy, and system resilience across medical specialties. This mixed-methods study analyzes over 15,000 patient encounters alongside clinician observations and interviews in internal medicine, surgery, and emergency care. Results show that increased temporal variability raises cognitive load and error risk, especially during off-peak hours, negatively impacting patient safety. Yet, resilient systems manage variability through adaptive scheduling, communication tools, and standardized protocols. Our findings highlight the importance of incorporating temporal variability into healthcare quality efforts to improve patient care and system robustness in dynamic clinical settings.
Temporal Variability, Human Care Delivery, Patient Outcomes, Decision Accuracy, System Resilience, Medical Specialties.
Copyright (c) 2025 Waleed Alfaifi, Nader Abdulrahman Saad Almushawwah, Aisha Ali M. Hazaz, Aisha Ali Aseri , Abdulrahman Mahdi Alameer, Shahd Saleem Alharbi, Mona Ali Alenazi, Njood Salem Aljohani, Elham Salman Alanazi , Khaled Shatti Alshrari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Micro-Break Guided Mindfulness During Nursing Shifts on Cognitive Fatigue, Clinical Accuracy, and Patient Interaction Quality
This study investigates the impact of micro-breaks integrated with guided mindfulness exercises on nurses’ cognitive fatigue, clinical accuracy, and the quality of patient interactions during demanding nursing shifts. Cognitive fatigue among nurses is a known contributor to errors, decreased patient safety, and impaired communication, yet practical interventions to mitigate fatigue effects remain underexplored. We implemented a randomized controlled trial involving 120 registered nurses in a tertiary hospital setting. The intervention group engaged in brief, guided mindfulness sessions during scheduled micro-breaks, while a control group followed standard break routines. Outcomes were assessed using validated cognitive fatigue scales, clinical error rates from medical records, and patient interaction quality measured via standardized observation protocols. Results demonstrated that mindfulness micro-breaks significantly reduced cognitive fatigue, improved clinical accuracy, and enhanced patient communication quality compared to controls (p<0.001). These findings suggest incorporating brief mindfulness practices during nursing shifts is a feasible and effective strategy to sustain performance, promote patient safety, and improve workplace wellbeing. Further implementation research is warranted to optimize protocols and evaluate long-term impacts.
Mindfulness, micro-breaks, nursing shifts, cognitive fatigue, clinical accuracy, patient interaction, healthcare performance, occupational health, nursing workload, patient safety.
Copyright (c) 2025 Maha Al Dosary, Ahmed Razzeeq M Alrahili, Samar Assad Aljabri, ️Afrah Hamad Dawshi, HaifaAbdullah Ali Areshi, Salihah Asiri, Badriah Khaled Almutairi, Fawziah Khaled Almutairi , Waleed Sherida Al-Ali, Mohammad Abdullah M Alkuwaiz (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Healthcare Team–Patient Communication Quality on Clinical Outcomes, Treatment Adherence, and Quality of Life: A Multidisciplinary Study
Communication between healthcare teams and patients is a critical determinant of health outcomes. This multidisciplinary study examines how the quality of communication affects clinical outcomes, treatment adherence, and patient quality of life (QoL). Utilizing a mixed-methods design across multiple healthcare settings, data were collected through validated surveys, medical record reviews, and interviews with patients and healthcare providers. Quantitative analysis demonstrated strong positive correlations between high communication scores and improved clinical markers and adherence rates, accompanied by enhanced patient-reported QoL. Qualitative findings elucidated key communication facilitators, such as empathy and clear information delivery, and identified barriers including cultural and systemic challenges. These results affirm that optimizing healthcare communication should be central to care models, with implications for training, organizational policies, and patient-centered interventions.
Healthcare communication, patient outcomes, treatment adherence, quality of life, multidisciplinary care, clinical outcomes, patient engagement, healthcare teams, communication quality.
Copyright (c) 2025 Saeed Abdulaziz Bin Hassan Alghamdi, Rayan Mohammed Alamri, Abdulaziz Abdullah Hamad Hakami, Ahmed Abdullah Hasanain, Ameen Mohammed Malky, Sultan Abdulhafedh Aouf, Abdulelah Ali Alharbi , Mutlaq Raja Albaqami , Fahad Hassan Al Amri, Nahedh Zaben Alharbi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Ambient Room Lighting Patterns in Reducing Nighttime Falls A Nurse-Driven Experiment.
Nighttime falls in hospital settings remain a costly and dangerous challenge, particularly for aging and medically complex patients. This nurse-driven quasi-experimental study investigated the efficacy of an ambient room lighting intervention tailored to enhance nighttime visibility while minimizing sleep disruption, deployed in two medical-surgical wards in a large tertiary hospital. Over twelve months, fall incidence, patient-reported mobility confidence and sleep quality, and nursing staff perceptions were evaluated using mixed methods. The intervention introduced bespoke low-lux, warm-spectrum lighting with motion activation, co-designed with clinical and engineering teams. Quantitative data revealed a statistically significant 61% reduction in nighttime falls, especially among older adults and sedative medication users, without degradation of sleep quality. Qualitative analyses demonstrated strong nursing engagement, with reports of streamlined nocturnal care and perceived patient safety improvements. This study advances environmental fall-prevention paradigms by validating nurse-led ambient lighting as a low-cost, scalable, and clinically effective approach to nighttime fall reduction. It highlights the need for integration of human factors and circadian science into nursing practice and healthcare design to promote holistic patient safety and quality care.
Ambient lighting, nighttime falls, patient safety, nursing intervention, fall prevention, hospital environment,circadian rhythms, patient mobility, healthcare quality, environmental design, human factors, geriatric care, lighting technology.
Copyright (c) 2025 Alhasan Makrami, Rawan Yaseen Ahmed Alqasem, Samira Ibrahim Mashraqi , Shahad Mohammed Ahmed Kamili, Ghaidaa Fahad Aljabri, Wedad Hamood Nashe ALshamary, ALi Othman Motain Alqushaysh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation of Chronic Disease Care (Diabetes and Hypertension) in Prisons
Chronic diseases like diabetes and hypertension are highly prevalent among incarcerated populations, yet managing these conditions in prisons remains challenging due to resource limits, security restrictions, and inconsistent care. This study evaluates diabetes and hypertension care across three state prisons using a mixed-methods approach: medical record review, healthcare provider interviews, and inmate surveys. Findings reveal gaps in guideline adherence, monitoring, medication continuity, and patient education, with systemic barriers including staffing shortages and institutional constraints. Improved chronic disease management was linked to better clinical outcomes, highlighting the need for tailored, multidisciplinary care models incorporating telemedicine and patient education. Enhancing chronic disease care in prisons is vital for inmate health and public health beyond incarceration. [1, 2, 3, 4]
Chronic disease care, diabetes management, hypertension control, prison health, correctional healthcare, healthcare evaluation, chronic disease outcomes, incarcerated populations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhannad Sanad Alruwaili, Saif Mamdouh Alsirhani, Moayad Abdullah Alharbi, Mohammed Zayed Alruwaili, Sanad Kareem Alruwaili, Shghr Khlaf Hawil (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Health Security: Foundations, Frameworks, and Future Directions
Health security refers to the comprehensive systems, policies, and collaborative efforts aimed at protecting populations from a wide array of health threats, including infectious diseases, biohazards, and infrastructure vulnerabilities. This article offers an in-depth review of core health security frameworks such as the International Health Regulations (IHR) and the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA), which provide legal and operational foundations for global and national preparedness and response. It explores the critical role of cybersecurity within healthcare systems in safeguarding sensitive information and ensuring continuity of care. Additionally, the article addresses the compounding impact of climate change on disease patterns and health system resilience. Emerging technologies, notably artificial intelligence and real-time analytics, are discussed as transformative tools alongside the ethical and operational challenges they present. Drawing from extensive literature, policy documents, and case examples, the article advocates for integrated multi-sectoral collaboration, sustained investment, and equitable capacity-building as essential for advancing global health security and effectively responding to current and future health threats.
Health security, global health governance, international health regulations, pandemic preparedness, cybersecurity in healthcare, health system resilience, public health emergency response, climate adaptation, health policy, emerging infectious diseases.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mujahid Barnawi, Bushra Saleh Alzhrani , Asmaa Salem Abdulrahman Alalyani, Sultan Saeed Alqahtani, abdullah Abdrabuh Atyan Alsulami, Mohammed Abdullah Alalyani, Abdulrahman Ahmed Alzahrani, Abdulrahman Saleh Alzahrani, Nasser Hussain Hasen Almalki, Ahmed Mohammed I Khudhayr, Albaraa Ali Qasm (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Patient Safety Through Early Recognition of Clinical Deterioration: A Nursing Perspective
AbstractClinical deterioration among hospitalized patients is a critical event that often precedes severe consequences such as unplanned intensive care unit admissions, cardiac arrests, and increased mortality. Timely recognition of these clinical changes is essential to preventing avoidable harm. Nurses, as the primary caregivers at the bedside, occupy a central role in continuous patient monitoring and early detection of subtle signs indicating a decline in health status. This article synthesizes current research, explores real-world nursing experiences, and reviews effective nursing interventions and system-level strategies aimed at enhancing patient safety through early recognition. Emphasis is placed on the integration of early warning tools, comprehensive nurse education programs, and rapid response team activation protocols, illustrating how these elements collectively improve patient outcomes. The findings advocate for healthcare systems to prioritize nurse empowerment, interdisciplinary communication, and innovative surveillance techniques to strengthen frontline defense against clinical deterioration and enhance overall safety within hospital settings. [1, 2, 8, 9]
Clinical deterioration, patient safety, nursing interventions, early recognition, rapid response teams, nursing education, clinical surveillance, escalation protocols, adverse events.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ibrahim Almarshadi, YASSER HADI MOHAMMED KARIRI, Randa Mohammad Aletyani , Mohammed Bakhit M Alsaedi , Aziz Njer Alotibi , Ahmed Suliman Alofi, Faisal Nafi Alharbi , Nasser Hudiban Alsaide, Ahmed Ayed Awad Alrowaittie (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Advancing Prehospital Care Innovations and Challenges in Emergency Medical Services
Prehospital emergency medical services (EMS) are the vital first responders bridging the gap between incident scene and definitive hospital care. The efficiency and quality of care delivered in this phase dramatically influence patient morbidity and mortality. Technological advancements—ranging from artificial intelligence (AI), telemedicine platforms, wearable devices, to unmanned aerial systems (drones)—are revolutionizing prehospital care by enabling faster diagnosis, improved logistics, and enhanced clinical decision support. However, these promising innovations exist alongside persistent operational challenges including workforce shortages, funding constraints, geographical disparities, particularly in rural areas, and the ongoing need for quality assurance processes. Drawing on contemporary research, global case studies, and documented EMS experiences, this article provides a comprehensive review of the latest prehospital care innovations and evaluates the multifaceted challenges facing emergency medical services. The findings stress the imperative for integrated technology deployment complemented by systemic policy reforms and sustainable workforce strategies to advance EMS capabilities and equitable patient outcomes globally.
Prehospital care, EMS innovations, emergency medical services, technology integration, patient outcomes, telemedicine, AI, EMS challenges, rural healthcare, quality improvement
Copyright (c) 2025 Turki Saud Almutairi, Tawfiq Mohammed Abanmi, Matar Muqbil Alshammari, Talal Saleh Almutairi, Abduljabbar Mohammed Abanmi, Badi Hamdan AImutairi, Maher Owaid Almutairi, Meshal Musaad Almutairi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Nursing in Reducing Hospital-Acquired Infections
Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) represent a persistent global health challenge, significantly contributing to patient morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Nurses, as frontline healthcare providers, play a critical role in infection prevention and control (IPC). This article critically examines nursing’s impact on reducing HAIs, drawing on recent studies, real-world case data, and frontline experiences. It explores the effectiveness of nursing interventions such as hand hygiene, staffing ratios, education, and adherence to IPC protocols. Findings highlight that improved nurse staffing, education, and leadership strategies correlate strongly with reduced HAI rates. Challenges including workload, infrastructure limitations, and resource constraints also affect nursing effectiveness. This comprehensive review underscores the need for policy support and resource allocation to empower nurses’ infection control efforts and thereby enhance patient safety outcomes.
Nursing, Hospital-Acquired Infections, Infection Prevention, Healthcare-Associated Infections, Nurse Staffing, Hand Hygiene, Infection Control
Copyright (c) 2025 Nader Almutairi, Majed Alotaibi, Faisal Alqahtani, Abdullah Alghamdi, Refaee Alhuntushi, Mohammed Hijri, Ashwaq Mubarak (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Prehospital Management of Cardiac Arrest: Current Practices and Future Directions in EMS
Prehospital cardiac arrest remains a critical global health challenge, with survival heavily dependent on timely and effective emergency medical services (EMS) intervention. This article reviews current EMS practices in managing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), focusing on airway management, medication administration, defibrillation, and advanced resuscitation techniques. It also explores recent outcome studies and future directions including extracorporeal CPR (ECPR) and quality improvement initiatives. Case studies and EMS protocol examples illustrate practical applications and highlight ongoing barriers to improved survival. Understanding the evolving landscape of prehospital cardiac arrest care is vital for enhancing patient outcomes and guiding EMS training and protocols. Despite advances, challenges such as regional disparities and variable bystander response rates continue to limit overall survival. Technological innovations and protocol refinements show promise but require widespread adoption and system integration. Ultimately, a coordinated effort involving EMS, healthcare systems, and public engagement is essential to drive meaningful improvements in survival and neurological recovery.
cardiac arrest, prehospital care, EMS, advanced cardiac life support, resuscitation, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, emergency medical services, airway management, defibrillation, extracorporeal CPR, neurological outcomes
Copyright (c) 2025 Khaled Khalaf Alanazi, Ayesh Ahmed AL- Khamis, Mohammed Ahmed AL- Turayk, Nawaf Abdulrahman Almaimoni, Abdullah Bader Albedaiwi , Fahad Nawar Alotaibi, Abdullah Ibrahim Abu Hilal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Streptococcus pneumoniae Pneumonia Presenting with Diffuse Bilateral Centrilobular Nodules and Tree-in-Bud Pattern: A Case Report
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia, typically presenting with lobar consolidation on imaging. We report a rare case of S. pneumoniae pneumonia in a 30-year-old woman with multiple sclerosis on rituximab therapy, who presented with diffuse bilateral centrilobular nodules and tree-in-bud pattern on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Bronchoalveolar lavage culture confirmed penicillin-sensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae. The patient responded well to targeted antibiotic therapy with complete clinical and radiological resolution. This case highlights an uncommon radiologic presentation of pneumococcal pneumonia and underscores the importance of considering S. pneumoniae in the differential diagnosis of diffuse centrilobular nodules with tree-in-bud pattern.
Streptococcus pneumoniae, pneumonia, centrilobular nodules, tree-in-bud pattern, high-resolution computed tomography, bronchoalveolar lavage, immunocompromised, rituximab, diffuse lung nodules, atypical pneumonia
Copyright (c) 2024 Anas Albishi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Nursing Staff Shortage on the Quality of Care in Emergency Departments
Emergency departments (EDs) are critical access points for urgent healthcare, yet they face an escalating shortage of nursing staff that threatens patient safety and care quality. This article investigates the multifaceted impact of nursing shortages in EDs, drawing on recent quantitative studies, qualitative nurse experiences, and case analyses from diverse healthcare settings. Findings indicate that inadequate nurse staffing leads to prolonged wait times, delayed treatments, increased patient departures without being seen, and a higher incidence of adverse clinical events such as medication errors and cardiac arrests. The shortage also drives nurse burnout and turnover, perpetuating a vicious cycle that further compromises care delivery. Financial repercussions for hospitals include lost revenue due to unstaffed beds and reduced capacity. The article concludes by discussing systemic factors underpinning the shortage and highlighting evidence-based interventions to improve recruitment, retention, and operational efficiency in emergency nursing. This comprehensive analysis underscores the urgent need for coordinated action to safeguard care quality in emergency departments.
Nursing shortage, emergency departments, quality of care, patient outcomes, nurse staffing, healthcare workforce, burnout, patient safety, healthcare delivery, nurse retention
Copyright (c) 2025 Emtenan Abdulaziz Alaskar, Norah Nasser Albarrak, Ghaida Abdullah Alamri, Ahood Khaled Almutairi, Bayan Muhammed Binswileh, Haya Fahad Alhariqi, Maymunah Ali Sowayd, Sharah Awda Alahmry, Hani Hussein Al-Sayed (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Trauma Resuscitation
Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has emerged as a critical tool in trauma resuscitation, offering rapid, real-time insights that can guide life-saving decisions. This article reviews the evolving role of POCUS in trauma care, focusing on its application in emergency and prehospital settings. Through an analysis of recent studies, clinical experiences, and case examples, the article highlights how POCUS improves diagnostic accuracy, expedites treatment, and potentially reduces mortality in trauma patients. The methodology includes a synthesis of literature from emergency medicine, critical care, and trauma surgery fields. Findings show that POCUS facilitates swift detection of hemoperitoneum, cardiac activity during arrest, and procedural guidance. Challenges such as operator dependency and potential delays are also discussed. The article concludes that POCUS is an indispensable adjunct in trauma resuscitation, with ongoing research needed to optimize protocols and training.
Point-of-care ultrasound, trauma resuscitation, FAST exam, cardiac arrest, diagnostic accuracy, prehospital care, clinical outcomes, POCUS-guided resuscitation
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdulhadi Aloah, Mustafa Ghazale, Mustafa Taha, Asma Mohamed Idris, Ahmed Marie, Moayad Merie, Abdullah Hazzaa Aldahmashi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Advances in Diagnostic Approaches for Respiratory Infections
Respiratory infections remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, challenging clinicians and public health systems to improve early and accurate diagnosis. Recent advances in molecular diagnostics, metagenomic sequencing, biosensor technology, and digital health platforms offer transformative potential for respiratory infection detection and management. This article reviews the current state of respiratory infection diagnostics, highlighting key technological innovations, clinical case studies, and ongoing challenges. By integrating next-generation sequencing, rapid point-of-care molecular assays, and novel breath-based tests, healthcare providers can better tailor treatments, reduce antibiotic misuse, and enhance outbreak surveillance. The continued development and deployment of these diagnostic tools are essential to combating both endemic and emerging respiratory pathogens in a post-pandemic world.
Respiratory infections, diagnostic advancements, molecular assays, metagenomics, breath-based diagnostics, point-of-care testing, digital health technologies, COVID-19, antimicrobial stewardship, biosensors
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammed Ghazi Alharbi, Baraa Talal Melibari, Khalid Waleed Alhariqi, Leen Bin Salloum, Abdulrahman Mohammed Aladani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of antiemetic co-administration with anesthesia on reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remain among the most common and distressing complications following anesthesia and surgery, affecting up to 30% of patients and substantially impacting recovery and patient satisfaction. The co-administration of antiemetic agents with anesthetic drugs has emerged as a critical strategy to mitigate this issue. This article reviews current evidence on the effectiveness of antiemetic co-administration with anesthesia in reducing PONV, drawing upon clinical trials, meta-analyses, and case studies. It evaluates key pharmacologic agents such as 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, corticosteroids, dopamine antagonists, and the role of anesthetic choice, particularly propofol-based regimens. The findings indicate that multimodal antiemetic protocols integrated with anesthesia significantly reduce the incidence and severity of PONV. Clinical practice implications, challenges, and future research directions are discussed to guide optimized perioperative care.
postoperative nausea and vomiting, antiemetics, anesthesia, propofol, ondansetron, dexamethasone, multimodal therapy, rescue antiemetics, patient outcomes, clinical studies, PONV prevention
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammed Aleid, Badriya Alshahrani, Moath Sadifi, Abdullah Alnajie, Hamoud Alnaji, Faisal Qahtani, Albandari Alanazi, Abdulsalam Awaji, Delma Alhajri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Interprofessional Clinical Collaboration and Administrative Strategies for Optimizing Patient Outcomes in Allied Health Professions
Interprofessional clinical collaboration (IPC) among allied health professions is increasingly recognized as a critical factor in optimizing patient outcomes. Allied health professionals, including physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech-language pathologists, dietitians, and social workers, often function within complex healthcare systems that require coordinated, multidisciplinary approaches to care. This article examines the role of IPC and administrative strategies in enhancing patient outcomes, drawing on recent case studies, literature, and clinical experiences. The findings highlight that effective collaboration supported by strategic administration and technology integration leads to improved clinical results, reduced hospital readmissions, enhanced patient satisfaction, and greater healthcare efficiency. Challenges such as role ambiguity and communication barriers are addressed, and solutions including interprofessional education, Lean management, and performance measurement systems are discussed. The article concludes by emphasizing the necessity of fostering collaborative cultures within allied health settings to meet the increasing demands of modern healthcare.
Interprofessional collaboration, allied health professions, clinical teamwork, patient outcomes, healthcare administration, administrative strategies, quality improvement, patient engagement, multidisciplinary care, healthcare efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2025 Reem Alrashidi, Amani Abu Alrahi, Ghalib Alqahtani, Norah Almalki, Sharifah Asiri, Fatimah Asiri, Zoha Alqudaimi, Khalil Almutairi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Optimizing Early Diagnosis and Management of Respiratory Infections in Pediatric Patients
Respiratory infections are a leading cause of illness and death in children worldwide, requiring improvements in early diagnosis and management. Clinical symptoms are often nonspecific, making timely and accurate detection challenging. This article reviews advances in diagnostic tools such as biomarkers (procalcitonin, CRP) and molecular methods (multiplex PCR), which improve pathogen identification and treatment decisions. The role of clinical decision support systems in guiding antibiotic use and standardizing care is also discussed.Based on a systematic review and clinical case analyses, we show that integrating rapid diagnostics with tailored management reduces unnecessary antibiotic use, hospital stays, and complications. Challenges remain in low-resource settings where limited diagnostic access leads to overprescription and poorer outcomes. The study highlights the need for affordable diagnostic tools and stewardship programs to improve care globally.Through case studies and data analysis, this research demonstrates how optimized diagnostic pathways enable early, accurate diagnosis and individualized treatment, supporting better patient outcomes and efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Khalid Surkhi, Ali Asiri, Lama Alfarraj, Ghadeer Sawadi, Ashwaq Khawaji (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Interdisciplinary Collaboration and Administrative Strategies for Enhancing Performance Across Allied Health Professions
Interdisciplinary collaboration among allied health professionals has emerged as a vital approach to improving healthcare delivery and patient outcomes. This research explores the role of administrative strategies in enhancing the performance of allied health teams through effective collaboration. Drawing on multiple case studies and professional experiences, the study examines how integrated teamwork and strategic management contribute to improved service quality, staff satisfaction, and organizational efficiency. The findings highlight the necessity of supportive leadership, workforce planning, and communication frameworks in fostering successful interdisciplinary practice. This paper provides evidence-based recommendations for healthcare administrators and allied health practitioners aiming to optimize collaborative efforts and performance across diverse professional groups.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammed Madkhali, Fatimah Shabi, Hussin Alamri, Abdulrahman Al-Hasani, Saleh Alqhtani, Eman Yonis, Norah Alanazi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Nurse-Led Technology and Educational Innovations on Care Quality and Patient Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Background: Nurse-led initiatives that combine technology with educational modules are increasingly seen as key drivers in improving healthcare delivery. These programs utilize nurses’ frontline experience to create customized digital tools and learning materials that enhance patient care and clinical workflows. Yet, the overall evidence about their impact on care quality and patient outcomes is scattered across various healthcare environments.Objective: This systematic review evaluates how nurse-led technology and education-based interventions affect healthcare quality and patient outcomes, with a particular focus on their application in Saudi Arabian hospitals.Methods: A thorough literature search was performed in PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library for studies published between 2010 and 2024. Included studies described nurse-led interventions involving technology or educational modules that reported measurable effects on care quality or clinical outcomes. Data extraction and quality appraisal followed standardized protocols, and results were synthesized narratively.Results: Thirty-eight studies met the criteria, including randomized controlled trials, observational, and qualitative research. Nurse-led telehealth programs were linked to notable decreases in hospital readmissions and improvements in managing chronic diseases. Digital monitoring systems and AI-supported clinical decision tools enhanced patient safety by enabling timely interventions. Educational modules led by nurses boosted adherence to clinical guidelines, improved patient health literacy, and supported better self-management. Case studies from Saudi institutions such as King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre and King Khalid University Hospital demonstrated successful nurse-led innovations with positive clinical and operational results. Common challenges included resistance to adopting new technology, insufficient training, and difficulties integrating with existing health IT systems. Success was fostered by strong leadership, interdisciplinary teamwork, and tailored educational support.Conclusions: Nurse-driven technological and educational innovations positively impact healthcare quality and patient outcomes. Achieving sustainable benefits requires overcoming implementation challenges through committed organizational support, thorough training, and seamless workflow integration. Future research should explore long-term effectiveness, scalability, and cost-efficiency, especially in fast-evolving healthcare settings like Saudi Arabia.
nurse-led innovation, technology adoption, educational modules, quality of care, patient outcomes, telehealth, Saudi Arabia
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdulwahab Hakami, Ahmed Jameel, Fatimah Khawaji, Fairouz Harbi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Optimization of Radiation Dose and Image Quality in Diagnostic Radiology: A Medical Physics Approach
Balancing image quality with radiation safety remains a critical challenge in diagnostic radiology. The continual evolution of imaging technologies, growing demand for diagnostic procedures, and heightened awareness of radiation-induced risks have placed immense responsibility on healthcare providers to deliver precise, high-quality images while ensuring patient safety. Medical physicists, armed with in-depth knowledge of radiation science, technology, and human biology, are uniquely positioned to lead the optimization process. They analyze imaging workflows, calibrate equipment, define acceptable image quality thresholds, and apply quality assurance protocols aimed at minimizing unnecessary radiation exposure. This research investigates the fundamental principles, strategies, and challenges in radiation dose optimization, exploring its clinical, technical, and educational dimensions. It draws from contemporary case studies, institutional policies, and global best practices across hospitals in Europe, the Middle East, and North America. Through a medical physics lens, this paper emphasizes the crucial intersection between technological capability and patient safety in modern diagnostic radiology.
Radiation dose optimization, Diagnostic radiology, Image quality, Medical physics, ALARA principle, Dose reduction strategies, Radiographic protocols1
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammed Tawhari, Abdullah Mohammed, Nazmi Hassan, Khaled Sattam, Fahad Alanazi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Reducing Surgical Delays: Enhancing Collaboration Between Anesthesia Providers and Operating Room Technicians
Surgical delays continue to pose a significant challenge in modern healthcare, contributing to increased costs, compromised patient safety, and decreased satisfaction among patients and healthcare workers. These delays often stem from breakdowns in communication, scheduling conflicts, and role ambiguity, especially between anesthesia providers and operating room (OR) technicians. This research explores the role of enhanced collaboration between these critical professionals in minimizing surgical delays. Through an examination of interprofessional communication strategies, workflow integration, and empirical case studies, this paper identifies key interventions and best practices to foster synergy among surgical teams and reduce intraoperative inefficiencies. Particular attention is paid to real-world settings, including data collected from hospitals in Saudi Arabia, Germany, and the United States, to examine how effective coordination impacts workflow and outcomes
Surgical delays, Anesthesia providers, Operating room technicians, Interprofessional collaboration, Patient safety, Operating room efficiency1
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Tawhari, Mohammed Mubaraki, Mohsen Khabrani, Deregi Ageeli, Faisal Hakami, Hussain Yatimi, Othman Gahety, Mohammed Jahfali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Monte Carlo Mathematical Model Simulation: An Evaluation of The Probability of Construction Project Acceleration
Complex projects such as road infrastructure require reliability and risk analysis for safety and economic sustainability. This study divides the concept of comprehensive risk identification into several variables with several indicators. Indicators refer to findings that occur in the field during acceleration. The simulation was conducted with the help of the @Risk program in Microsoft Excel using standard settings, and the distribution used was triangular. The population in this study is all project stakeholders related to determining the implementation time of the Djuanda FO construction, which is currently underway in the 46th week. The population consisted of 22 experts who were involved in scheduling the FO Djuanda construction project. Since the population size is limited in the study, all population members were sampled. The sampling technique is census or saturated sampling, in which all population members are used as samples. The respondents asked to complete a questionnaire and answer questions about implementing the FO Djuanda development project. Sampling is limited to top management with expertise in decision-making to determine the duration of project implementation in scheduling. This study obtained interval data, with interval data in the form of a Likert scale (scale 1–5). Based on the research results, risk evaluation can be adopted well through Monte Carlo mathematical model simulation. The risks in the acceleration of the FO Djuanda development project, based on the order of risk levels from the largest to the smallest, are direct costs, work calendar schedule, logistics, external, field constraints, health and safety, indirect costs, community relations, environment, construction contracts, traffic, and construction.
Copyright (c) 2025 Alfandi Rizki Pratama R, Ludfi Djakfar, Kartika Puspa Negara (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0