Land Use Change Mapping and Analysis Using Remote Sensing and GIS: A Case Study in Tam Ky City, Quang Nam Province, Vietnam

Abstract

Changes in land use/land cover (LULC) play a critical role in effective natural resource management, monitoring, and development, particularly within the realm of urban planning. In the examination of Tam Ky city, Quang Nam province, Vietnam, spanning from 2000 to 2020, remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were employed. The Landsat satellite data (Landsat 7 ETM+ for 2000, Landsat 5 TM for 2010, and Landsat 8 OLI for 2022) underwent analysis using the supervised classification method in ArcGIS 10.8 software to identify and categorize six primary LULC classes: water bodies, agriculture, settlements, vegetation, construction, and bare soil/rocks. The reliability of the classification was evaluated through k values, revealing high accuracy with values of 0.951, 0.953, and 0.950 for the years 2000, 2010, and 2020, respectively. Notable shifts in LULC were observed during the period from 2000 to 2020. The areas covered by vegetation and settlements expanded by 53 and 1300 ha, respectively, while water bodies, agriculture, construction, and bare soil/rocks experienced reductions of 466, 48, 413, and 425 ha, respectively. To facilitate a rapid assessment, the study also incorporated the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI). The trends identified in this study are consistently aligned with the results of the supervised classification. The identified changes in LULC pose a substantial environmental threat, and the study's outcomes serve as a valuable asset for future land use planning and management in the area. The method's high accuracy enhances the dependability of the results, making them crucial for well-informed decision-making and sustainable development initiatives.